Dental Disease in Cats

Veterinarian examines a cat's teeth for dental cleaning, highlighting signs of dental disease.

Why Oral Health Matters for Cats

Dental disease is very common in cats and is one of the most important health problems affecting adult and senior cats. Periodontal disease, including gingivitis and periodontitis, is considered the most common oral problem in small animals, and up to 70% of cats have been reported to have periodontal disease by 3 years of age.

Many cats with dental disease continue eating and do not show obvious signs of pain, which means oral disease is often more advanced by the time it is noticed at home.

What Causes Dental Disease in Cats?

Plaque and Periodontal Disease

Dental disease usually begins with plaque, a layer of bacteria that forms on the teeth. If plaque is not removed, it mineralises into calculus (tartar) and causes inflammation of the gums. Over time, this can progress from gingivitis to periodontitis, where the structures supporting the teeth become damaged, including the gums, ligaments, and surrounding bone.

If periodontal disease continues untreated, cats can develop painful teeth, bone loss, and eventual tooth loss.

Tooth Resorption

Cats also commonly develop tooth resorption, a painful condition where the tooth structure is gradually destroyed. This is a uniquely important feline dental problem and is one reason cats with mouth pain may need dental X-rays even when the visible crown looks fairly normal.

Signs of Dental Disease in Cats

Common Symptoms Owners May Notice

Cats with dental disease may show signs such as:

• bad breath

• red or inflamed gums

• drooling

• difficulty chewing

• dropping food

• pawing at the mouth

• reduced appetite

• weight loss

However, many cats with oral pain show only subtle signs, such as eating more slowly, preferring soft food, or becoming less interactive. Because cats often hide pain, a normal appetite does not rule out significant dental disease.

Why Dental Disease Should Not Be Ignored

Pain, Infection, and Tooth Loss

Dental disease is not just a cosmetic problem. Periodontal disease is painful, and as it worsens it can cause destruction of the bone around the teeth, mobility of the teeth, and infection below the gumline.

There is also evidence that more advanced periodontal disease in cats is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, which is another reason oral health matters in older cats.

How Veterinarians Diagnose Dental Disease

Oral Examination and Dental Imaging

Your veterinarian will begin with an oral examination, but a full assessment of dental disease in cats often requires anesthesia, periodontal probing, and dental radiography. This is because much of the important disease sits below the gumline, where it cannot be properly evaluated in an awake patient.

Dental X-rays are especially important in cats because conditions such as tooth resorption and bone loss may not be fully visible from the surface.

Treatment for Dental Disease in Cats

Professional Dental Cleaning and Tooth Extraction

Treatment depends on the type and severity of disease.

In early stages, a professional dental cleaning under anesthesia may be enough to remove plaque and tartar and help restore gum health. In more advanced cases, damaged or painful teeth may need to be extracted.

If there is advanced periodontitis or painful tooth resorption, extraction is often the most appropriate treatment to relieve pain and prevent ongoing disease.

Preventing Dental Disease

Daily Home Care Helps

The best prevention is consistent dental care.

Helpful steps include:

• regular veterinary dental examinations

• professional dental cleaning when recommended

• daily tooth brushing with pet-safe toothpaste

• veterinary-approved dental products when appropriate

Good dental care helps reduce plaque buildup and lower the risk of gum disease and tooth loss.

Dental Care for Cats in Kalamunda

If your cat has bad breath, trouble eating, red gums, or signs of mouth discomfort, the team at Hilltop Veterinary Hospital in Kalamunda can assess your cat’s oral health and recommend the appropriate treatment.

Early treatment can significantly improve comfort, appetite, and quality of life.

Concerned About Your Cat’s Teeth?

If your cat has bad breath or signs of mouth pain, book a consultation with Hilltop Veterinary Hospital so our veterinary team can examine your cat and discuss the best dental care plan.

Explore More Pet Health Advice

For more veterinary advice on common cat health problems, explore our Pet Health Advice library.

You can also browse our Cat Health Care articles to learn more about kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, vomiting, and other common feline medical conditions.

The information provided in this article is intended for educational purposes only and should not replace professional veterinary advice. Every cat’s medical situation is unique. If your cat shows signs of dental disease or oral pain, consult your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.